Self-extinguishing fabrics are materials that are designed to automatically extinguish when removed from the source of ignition or contact with a flame. These fabrics are known for their ability to reduce the risk of fire spreading and prevent the fire from spreading further.

The distinguishing feature of self-extinguishing fabrics is their reaction to heat or flame. When a self-extinguishing fabric is exposed to heat or flame, the material begins to degrade and produce a series of chemicals that limit combustion and put out the fire.

This happens thanks to several mechanisms, including:

1. Shrinkage: Self-extinguishing fabric can shrink and shrink when exposed to heat, preventing the spread of flames.

2. Formation of an insulating layer: some self-extinguishing fabrics can create a layer of ash or charcoal which acts as a thermal insulator, reducing the transfer of heat to the part not yet affected by the fire.

3. Moisture Absorption: Some self-extinguishing fabrics can absorb moisture from the surrounding air, thereby reducing the availability of oxygen needed to keep the fire going.

4. Production of inert gases: some self-extinguishing fabrics can produce inert gases, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, which interrupt the chain of chemical reactions of combustion.

Flame retardant fabrics are widely used in various industries including apparel, furniture, automotive and aerospace where fire safety is of paramount importance. These materials contribute significantly to reducing damage and protecting human life and property during wildfire events.